Use of Private Military Companies (PMCs) in Africa Essay

PMCs emerge in a history course as an inevitable result of the changing in world structure and technology development. This critical review examines Anna Leander’s article on the paradox of implementing private military companies (PMCs) in Africa. The central issue is how security can be influenced by the using of PMCs. Building on Leander’s argument, this review argues that PMC is a double-edged sword that can be used to provide security as well as to stir insecurity. The blurred public and private lines and ambiguous regulations of PMCs cannot be neglect thus the use of PMC forces need stronger regulation and a better system of cooperation with other national or international actors. The review will first analyze the reasons for using†¦show more content†¦What need to be added to this point is that PMCs also diminish the possible hatred which could be brought by ethnic conflicts between states. Ethnic conflicts frequently take place between Africa states as m ost of their economies rely on primary resources and thus they are a huge tempt causing conflicts. While neither the primary sources are part of PMCs goal of profit nor they consist of major ethnic groups in the states, thereby the possibility of causing ethnic conflicts and the aggravation of hostility between ethnic groups by war are less possible. Second, Leander (2005) argues that PMCs are respectable as they follow professional knowledge and business rules (p.609). PMCs are â€Å"strategically effective† for most of their team consist of professional military members, and their equipment are highly effective and advanced compare to the weak military force of African states (Leander, 2005, p.609). A third argument for PMCs in Africa is that they are more efficient and professional forces than local forces (ibid). According to Singer’s work on PMCs (2003), lacking of professionalism and the failure of local military is one of the reasons contributing to the rise of PMCs. The corrupted system, untrained local soldiers and poor arm conditions weaken the local military power, which is unable to solve conflicts (Singer, 2003, p.54). Besides, sophisticated equipment and advanced weapons requires skilled personnel to maintain and control which weakShow MoreRelatedHow Private Military Companies Affect Modern Africa1446 Words   |  6 PagesSouth-West Africa 500 years ago. It is difficult to find a war in Africa, especially post-World War Two, where mercenaries were not employed by at least one side, if not both. With the growth of professionalized military companies and the loss of political will to deploy conventional forces by Western countries, the usage of mercenaries is only going to increase. 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Diabetes Mellitus A Disease - 1369 Words

Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is a disease that afflicts approximately 29.1 million American people and is ranked as the 7th leading cause of death in America (â€Å"Statistics About Diabetes†). Thus, understanding and studying this disease has the potential to help better many lives. A patient living with diabetes, or a parent of a child with diabetes all benefit from understanding and learning how to live with this disease, what risk factors to look for and how to adjust life style choices to help prevent complications. Doctors need to know what signs and symptoms to look for, and the best methods of treatment. While scientist and research strives to find novel methods of treatment and possible biological cures. Diabetes Mellitus is divided into type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by very low levels to no insulin. This is due to the body’s immune system attacking and destroying beta cells, insulin-producing cells, in the pancreas (â€Å"Diabetes Mellitus†). Thus the persons body is unable to produce insulin and without insulin circulating in the bloodstream, glucose is unable to enter cells and results in high levels of glucose in the blood. Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, is due to cells becoming resistant to insulin and the pancreas failing to produce enough insulin to compensate for the cells resistance (â€Å"Diabetes Mellitus†). Like Type 1 this results in a high level of glucose in the blood. GestationalShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus As A Metabolic Disease1617 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease; when the body struggles to produce any or enough insulin (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Lack of insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood. Today it is common to hear Diabetes Mellitus referred to as â€Å"Sugar† or â€Å"Diabetes†. Diabetes can be distinguished into two forms; type one and type two. Diabetes is one o f the ten leading cause of death in the United States. There is a wide range of risk factors that contribute to this metabolic disease. For example;Read MoreDiabetes Mellitus : An Autoimmune Disease1238 Words   |  5 Pages Diabetes or as doctors would refer by as diabetes mellitus, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has a high blood glucose level (above 110 mg/dL) because insulin production is inadequate, the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin or even both. Diabetes mellitus is also a contributing factor of development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, renal failure, blindness, and stroke as individuals’ age. 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Type 1 diabetes mellitus affects mainly children and statistics have proven that this particular autoimmune disease affectsRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : The Leading Chronic Disease1102 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading chronic diseases that can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia due to a lack of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. The four main types of diabetes mellitus include type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and other specific types (Darby, 2015, 824). A high rate of periodontal disease has been reported with type 1 and 2 diabetesRead MoreDisease Pathophysiology And Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus1464 Words   |  6 PagesDisease Pathophysiology and Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Rogelio Gonzales University of Texas Rio Grande Valley 1. Introduction â€Å"Diabetes mellitus, by far the most common of all endocrine disorders, is one of the foremost public health concerns confronting the world today. Over 23 million individuals in the United States, or 8% of the population, have diabetes. An estimated 17.5 million have been diagnosed, but 5.5 million (nearly one fourth) are unaware they have the disease† (Nelms

Civil War The Battle at Hampton Roads Essay Example For Students

Civil War The Battle at Hampton Roads Essay The battle at Hampton Roads was part of the Peninsula Campaign that lasted from March to August of 1862. There was a total of five ships engaged in the battle. From the US Navy, there were four ships, the USS Congress, USS Minnesota, USS Cumberland, and the USS Monitor. The CS Navy had one ship, the CSS Merrimack. On March 8, 1862, the CSSMerrimack steamed into Hampton Roads. She proceeded to sink the USS Cumberland and then ran the USS Congress aground. Captain Buchanan then set his sights on the already handicapped USS Minnesota. The USS Minnesota was run aground on one of the shores. Capt. Buchanan did not know, but the USS Monitor was lying in wait, ordered to protect thewounded USS Minnesota. Lt. Worden steamed out into the middle of the bay to meet the CSS Merrimack. The USS Monitor fired first in a drawn out battle that lasted about four and a half hours. They fired shot, shell, grape, canister, musket and rifle balls doing no damage to each other (Lavy 3). After four and a ha lf hours, the CSS Merrimack withdrew due to falling tides. The USS Monitor did not make chase because of a crack in the turret. The results of the battle were inconclusive, neither side could claim victory. The estimated casualties resulting from the battle were extensive. The Union lost about 409 sailors and the Confederacy lost about 24 sailors. The battle was so impressive tothe leaders of both the Union and the Confederacy, that they contracted their Naval yards to have more ironclad ships built. Additions to the Confederate fleet included the CSS Tennessee, a 209 foot long blockade runner with four broadside cannons and pivoted cannons at the bow and stern. Additions to the Union Navy included the USS Carondelet. Armed with thirteen guns and stationed on the Mississippi, she was a formidable opponent. Prior to the building of the USS Monitor, the USS New Ironsides was built. It was the strongest ship ever built by the Northern Navy (Lavy 4). Wooden ships were now obsolete. Ironclad ships began to roll out of ship yards more often than their wooden counterparts. The invention of ironclads in the Civil War set examples for the future of ship building in the United States (Lavy 5). The ironclads were at an advantage over the wooden ships of the two Navies because of their superior technology. Ironclads could withstand hours of battering by artillery, and they could be used to cut traffic lanes through mine fields. Their armor could resist the blast from a mine considerably better than any wooden ship could. They could also carry more powerful guns. Due to their increased stability in the water these massive ships could easily endure the recoil of a huge cannon. Another useful characteristic of the ironclads was their ability to be used in ramming missions. The hull of the ship would not be compromised by a hit associated with ramming a wooden vessel. Because of Civil War technology, the United States has never built another wooden battleship since the introduction of the ironclads. Every armed conflict since then has seen more and more improvements in the way ironclad ships were built. The introduction of multiple massive turrets in the late 1800s improved the firepower dramatically. Later renovations included improved power plants and more devastating weapons. Perhaps the greatest renovation came in the pre-World War I era with the introduction of the aircraft carrier. Today, ironclad ships are so advanced that they are scarcely bigger than the ironclads used in the Civil War, but they are hundreds if not thousands times more powerful.

Quaker Oats free essay sample

Financial analysis. Company analyzed in terms of balance, income, strategy, cash flow, ratios and stocks. Includes tables chart. The Quaker Oats Company markets many of its products to children. Perhaps one of its best examples is what it has done with its breakfast cereal, Capn Crunch. Created in 1963, Capn Horatio Crunch is a fun-loving sea captain cartoon character. According to Quaker Oats and its marketing department, he was born and raised on Crunch Island, which is located in the Milk Sea. He wears a blue captains uniform, and a large blue captains hat. His ship is the S.S. Guppy, which he sails with his first mate, Seadog (1963), and his crew of four kids. Their mission is to keep the cargo hold of cereal from falling into the hands of Jean La Foote the Barefoot Pirate (1968). Competition for the market share will continue to be fierce among major U. We will write a custom essay sample on Quaker Oats or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. food companies. Kelloggs, Post, and General Mills. Relying on heavy advertisement support, the companies including Quaker Oats will continue to fight for market share.