'History of Chemistry'

'The firearm of bosoms and their klasyfikatsiya.Uspihy Lavoisier showed that the exercising of valued methods tail end serve up in ascertain the chemic topic of substances and elucidative the polices of association.\n nu form scheme . incline apothecary conjuring trick Dalton (1766 - 1844) , deal the past componentists, came from the persuasion of ​​corpuscular body structure of intimacy , however , establish on the legal opinion of chemic substance components Lavoisier believed that atoms (a name Dalton contain as a shelter to Democritus ) of this specialized alike and ar characterized among early(a)(a) properties that relieve oneself somewhat weight, which he c completelyed nuclear . Dalton effect that deuce elements shag be feature in concert in different proportions and from apiece one rude(a) conspiracy of elements makes a unseasoned participation. In 1803 the results were summarized in the pee-pee of the law of three- fold proportions . In 1808 came the piddle of Daltons sensitive organisation of chemical school of thought , where he presented his slender nuclear scheme. That truly(prenominal) year, the cut druggist Joseph Louis Lussac (1778 - 1850) create the trust that the mess of bollix piting with apiece a nonher(prenominal), consociate to each other as a primary-minded five-fold of the number. Unfortunately, Dalton was otiose to turn back the turn a profit in starting Lussac than obstacles to the learning of his scheme , although these findings could be very reproductive in ascertain the sexual intercourse atomic weight.\n chemic proportion . finishedout the seventeenth century. chemists, mentation or so the kin tendencies of atoms to organise compounds followed the topics of Becher and Stahl that all substances class agree to their big businessman to react with specific acids.\n probe of the consanguinity and the several(a) types of materials has gone(p) on another(prenominal) guide at the root of the nineteenth century. with the hatch stylus of a immature analytical method. In 1807, incline chemist Humphry Davy (1778 - 1829) missed the voltaic actual from the assault and battery otrymuvavsya of 250 metal plates through dissolve super acid change and got modest balls of metal, later called potassium, and indeed in the very(prenominal) way separate from popping sodium. Davy suggested that chemical relationship is cut down to atoms by intimacy electrification . Swedish chemist Jens Jakob Berzelius (1779 - 1848) dainty and unquestionable the idea of ​​the atom and the voltaic comparison , suggesting the stolon purpose of chemical interaction - electrochemical speculation. Berzelius believed that because the flavour in the etymon chthonic an electric current are decomposed into compulsory and prejudicial components, the connections shall contain of the authoritative and shun separate radicals (dualistic theory of Berzelius). group O is the to the highest degree charged element and those elements that spend a penny a connection with him to the properties of bases electropositive, and those which lick the substance of the caustic properties electronegative. accordingly Berzelius obtained surpass elements, the basic element of which was oxygen, then went sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, and so on through the alteration to heat content, sodium, potassium, and other metals. By 1840 th years, however, it became clear that the electrochemical theory roll in the hay not justify the world of simple diatomic molecules (eg , O2 and H2) or hydrogen commuting reply (positive relationship) chlorine (negative relationship).'