Rousseau, the Individual, the State, and David’s The Oath of the Horati

Rousseau, the Individual, the State, and Davids The Oath of the HoratiiRousseaus deliberate on the relationship between the single(a) and thestate and Davids house painting The Oath of the Horatii argon two differentgenres with the same views, having French renewal as the connectingfactor. Davids painting is not done for art pastime but rather an artfor the commonwealth sake. His painting does not take only aestheticpurposes but includes with ulterior motives. David has a preconceive arbitrariness in his mind and has decided to give a pictorial mental representationof the preconceived notion and exploits all his techniques to ensurewhat is in his mind. It is because of Rousseaus dissemble of philosophythat David was able to use his medium of painting to achieve hispurpose. In The Oath of Horatii, Rousseaus impact on David isexpressed very puff up in the Davids neoclassical style which ischaracterized by clarity of line, rational and balanced composition,restrained facial expression, bold effects of light and a minimum ofdistracting detail. It is very apt for Davids purposes since thestyle enhances and highlights Davids purposes in conveying hispolitical messages.The Horatii were chosen as champions of ancient Rome (Audio-VisualNotes 2001) and the genuineness of being chosen as champions suggeststhe power of the state. According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a soulfulnessor institution has authority if they are able to command others to dothings. That authority is legitimate only if the person, orinstitution, possesses the right to command others. To be legitimate,the authority the state has over the people must come from the peoplethemselves, and not from a single entity such as the king. Power thatcomes from such sources is usually referred to as naked power. In sucha scenario, we cannot solely agree that the Horatii were comfortablewith the title as champions. They might be indulged to follow the statebecause they ought to, or because they are afr aid of the consequences.In contrast, they might be honoured to be chosen as champions of Romeand this title might act them into offering their lives onbehalf of the country.On the viewers left, a trine of the vertical space is dedicated tothree men, Horatii, who are sons to the man, Horatius. The lightsflood crossways the scene onto the viewers right side, illuminating themain characters and presenting th... ...rheads are facing down with eyes closed with their backs slouching.These choices of colours, postures and gestures suggest that Davidwants to create the sober ambience within the female figures and thecontradiction of their particular volition against the full everyday will of thestate. In Rousseaus view, particular will is concerned with anindividuals advantage. The ladies may be convinced by their threebrothers and their let to think that their particular will is theproduct of appetency while general will is the product of priming. Sincea person acting on his app etite is slavish and bad, while a personacting on reason is noble and good, they should therefore obey thegeneral will and allow their brothers to charge even to the extent ofhaving duels with their own family members.With the cross referencing between Rousseaus views and Davidspainting The Oath of the Horatii that has been presented, we canconclude that it is because of Rousseaus impact of philosophy thatDavid was able to use his medium of painting to achieve his purposeand this is observable through the pictorial representation in conveyingparticular will and the general will of The Oath of the Horatii.

Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents Essay

Childhood corpulency has become a recurring piece in the news today. A miscellanea of issues has been discussed regarding the cause of this popular issue. fierceness is placed on pargonnts, culture, school meals, and a number of other factors leading to obesity. Children and adolescents ar non blind to the caution placed on obesity among them and their peers. If the thin bodies of magazines, TV and media werent enough, children now have to face the approximate realities of statistics that be constantly broadcasted in the news. This being the case, many another(prenominal) children and adolescents have unquestionable unwellnessy means to all get thin or block thin. Many struggle with alimentation disorders. ingest disorders involve a variety of descriptions of unhealthy patterns of eating. All of them involve some abnormal pattern of eating, including not eating. No matter the type or term given the disorder, they equal a serious situation and are a mental health concer n. Two of the more well-known types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Both are common among youth.Anorexia Nervosa DescriptionSometimes just being normal in size is not what an individual sees as normal in him self. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which being thin is not the only issue. It is characterized by starving oneself. Signs include a body weight of less than lxxxv percent the normal body weight for that specific height and bestride 3 consecutive absences of a menstrual cycle and an abnormally brawny fear of gaining weight (e.g., feeding Dis. n.d., para. 12). A more common external sign of anorexia is the intense fear of gaining weight. The youth may repeatedly show up verbally his desire to be thin, his belief that he is fat or overweight, and a generally twisted view of own size or weight. All of this is typically coupled with an already thin body size. use of goods and services of laxatives in addition to severely limiting fare intake is commonly seen.Anorexia Nervosa CauseThe cause of anorexia is not one specific factor. It is widely concur that many issues combine to lead to its phylogenesis. These include complaisant, cultural, psychological, and biological concerns. The social occasion of neurotransmitters in anorexia is researched today. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter known to affect appetite control, sexual and social conduct, stress responses, and modal value and modulates feeding by producing the sensation of fullness or satiety (Rome, 2003, p.100). A decrease in this neurotransmitter flowerpot be indicatory of anorexia. There are also some indications of genetic factors involved in causing anorexia. Having a family member who suffers or has suffered from anorexia can predispose a child to development. There are now multiple case-control studies designed to look into the familiality of eating disorders, which demonstrate a higher rate of Anorexia nervosa in relatives of probands with anorexia n ervosa (Rome, 2003, p 101). binge-eating syndrome DescriptionAnother eating disorder common among children and adolescents is bulimia. bulimia can actually be a subtype of anorexia. It is characterized by bingeing on food then purging the food via induced retch. The bingeing is considered uncontrolled and the person typically ingests much larger than normal amounts of food, sometimes secretively. Then, within an hour or two of eating, the person purges the food. This is usually done by self-induced vomiting however, the vomiting is typically seen with misuse of laxatives, urine-producing medications, and enemas. All of these enable the individual to purge herself of the of late ingested large quantities of food.These binges occur at least twice a calendar week for three months or may occur as often as several times a day (e.g., Eating Dis. n.d., para. 23). As a subtype of anorexia, the bulimic person is abnormally underweight. Being underweight, however, is not a necessity of the bulimic diagnosis. In fact, the average bulimic is of normal weight, but sees self as being overweight. Other common attitudes associated with bulimia include peak exercise, secretive or abnormal eating habits or rituals, and irregular or absent menstrual cycles. Both bulimia and anorexia are commonly seen in individuals already suffering from anxiety and/or depression (e.g. Eating Dis. n.d., para. 29).Bulimia CauseAs with Anorexia nervosa, a specific cause for bulimia is not known. Several factors, however, are thought to increase the likelihood of this disorder many of these are similar to those of anorexia nervosa. Cultural and social influences on appearance and size, family problems, and mood disorders all have an effect on the development of bulimia. Gender plays a large role as well. The majority of youth suffering from two bulimia and anorexia nervosa, although more so with bulimia, are females (Fisher, 1995, p. 431). The same case adopt cited in the familial causes of a norexia nervosa indicates that having a family member who has previously been diagnosed with bulimia can also predispose an individual to the same behavior.TreatmentAlthough Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia are two separate identifiable diagnoses, the treatments of these physical and mental disorders are similar. Physicians offset analyze the individuals specific overall health and achievable contributing factors. The primary care doctor is the necessary authority to either treat or recommend for treatment. Possible physical effects such(prenominal) as malnutrition and dental issues are treated as needed. The mental and psychological treatment varies according to the childs specific needs. Individual and family therapy, behavior modification, and cognitive therapy can all be used.Focus primarily tends toward the development of adequate coping skills, positive body image, and positive self-talk. Frequently, mood stabilizers are prescribed in conjunction with one-on-one therapy (Rome, 2 003, p. 104). The family plays a key role in treating children and adolescents most significantly by the fact that parents and adult figures in the childs life control and direct the routine of tell child. In cases of severely physically compromised children, monitoring of vital signs, nutrition, and electrolyte balance by trained healthcare professionals may be necessary (Fischer, 1995, p. 435).ConclusionEating disorders are spread across both adults and youth. As increasing attention is given the issue of childhood obesityand as the media continues to push the predilection for abnormally thin figures in beautythe youth will suffer. They desire unhealthy means to be what culture, family, and society says is normal, accepted. Bulimia and anorexia nervosa are the closure of these issues and remain common eating disorders among children and adolescents. These disorders, however, can be diagnosed and treated. Most grave to the treatment of any disorder affecting children and adole scents is the role of parents or guardians.ReferencesEating disorders in children and adolescents (n.d.) In Eating Disorders. Retrieved from http//www.lpch.org/diseasehealthinfo/healthlibrary/growth/eatdis.html. Ellen S. Rome, MD, Seth Ammerman, MD, et al. Children and adolescents with eating disorders the advance of the art. Pediatrics. 2003 111 98-108. Fisher M. Golden NH, Katzman DK, et al. Eating disorders in adolescents a background paper. boyish Health. 1995 16 420-437.

A Character Analysis of the Book “A Painted House”

How do unpleasant realities of living are presented and experienced by a s hitherto-year-old boy? As the tike travels from be an innocent into becoming an experienced person, both the good and severeness facets of life will ultimately stipulation his emotions, perspectives and dealings with other population.In doing so, the breaking of the childs ingenuousness turns into a learning experience which he and even the community around him whitethorn use as an instrument to continue life history in unison with the norms of the society. While it is expected that life realities, when witnessed from a boys efflorescence of view, may be rather unclear or incomplete, this does not needfully mean that the child is totally unaware and unmoved of its accompanying and eventual implications.This is because a child may be physically small plainly he is adequate to(p) to grasp what the society is presenting to him and ultimately identifies the good and bad issues which he needs to keep and disregard, respectively. Manifestations of such abilities are evident among just ab pop all children because they are nave by nature.Such innate and y let outhful characteristics ease up a child to many opportunities and possibilities. When guided properly, a child may use life realities, however harsh they are, to work to his or her gain and even to the benefit of other people and the society in general.One script which ideally depicts the said quality of a child in illusion Grishams 2001 book titled A Painted House. Aside from its far-famed plot, which is about the story-telling of a seven-year-old boy of the struggles facing his familys cotton-picking business in rural Arkansas in 1952, the Grisham fresh is most worth-reading because of the character of the schoolboyish protagonist Luke Chandler (Grisham, 2001).In fact, it is the said struggles which brought out the best in Luke because of the fact that even at a preteen age, he is determined to help out in their b usiness and in his little way, solve the problems even if his bring always tells him Dont busy.The men will find something to worry about (Grisham 1). The ways how Luke dealt with his growing-up miseries through his exposure to the cruel realities of life, Grisham succeeded in imparting to the humanity a touching novel about a childs journey from being an innocent child into becoming a knowledge equal to(p) person (Grisham, 2001).Manifestations of above awakening are evident with the major power of Luke to overcome the cruelties in his life which he personally witnessed. These include a murder, a rape incident which has resulted into pregnancy and an illegitimate child, the poverty of the Mexicans and agglomerate people and other adult-related obstacles.The novel, as seen from the view of Luke, told of the unwavering determination of the Chandler family to get their business survive and show to the people of Arkansas that despite living in an unpainted house, their cotton-pic king trade will pick up. While the writer stands out in his law-related books because of their plots, Grishams A Painted House novel definitely shines because of the character of Luke.Using the first-person point of perspective of Luke, the occasion effectively provided the public with a view of the hardships which then challenged the people of Arkansas (Grisham, 2001).Through the eyes of Luke, A Painted House serves as a blank paper where the author excellently writes the details which happened in the United States after World warfare II. The character of the protagonist is one which is filled with many real incidents and people albeit presented through Lukes youthful point of view. In fact, Lukes life is very simple and his world is small with the familys business of cotton-picking being his concentration.The child in Luke is presented in the book many times with the Chandler family trips to town on Saturdays, church activities on Sundays, special treats at carnivals and the boy s ultimate dream to play baseball as attested by his statement that he will not be a farmer but a baseball player (Grisham 5).However, as Luke takes on his journey, becomes unfastened to the characters in his life such as his family and the workers composed of the hill people and Mexicans as well as harsh realities of life, the boy unwittingly in some way grows as an experienced person even at a young age.Hence, it is worthy to consider how Luke, in his simple yet uplifting manner, is able to address and cope with cruel issues which confronted his young life. The life realities which are likewise enormous and difficult for Luke to realize but triumphantly handled include the honorable conflicts about a murder case, a child born out of wedlock and even the financial destruction that hit the area.Despite these cruelties which Lukes innocence may be unable to understands, it is remarkable to consider that the boys nave personality managed the said dilemmas. Beyond Lukes notable tra its and abilities in his original innocence as manifested by his child-like faith when he believes that graven image has control over anything just like there is reason when rains get over away their harvests.It is during the boys journey, where he is faced with the true events of life, that Luke is able to attain his experience and realizes that indeed there is reason for every thing that happens. This is evident when he said I was certain there was a reason the Cardinals lost the pennant, but I couldnt understand wherefore God was behind it (Grisham 251).

Globalization’s Side Effects

globalizations Side Effects May. 14. 2009 Discussing globalisations side effects might non be grant without de bourneining first what globalisation is. Although everyone has his or her own definition and uses the term globalisation in his or her own way, globalisation can be defined generally as a condition in which cross-border movements of money, goods, thoughts, and veritable(a) raft pretend become much more available on a large scale.Despite globalization having provided people throughout the demesne with many benefits, it has caused negative impacts on their countries economies as well as undecomposed concerns to the highest degree their nationalities and identities, which globalization gradually erases. The primary adverse effect of globalization is that it destabilizes the foundation of the developing countries economies. After cross-border movements of money and goods had become much express and easier, many cheap and well-made products have invaded the markets o f emerging countries.As a result, many local products almost have disappe bed because they simply can non rival the cheap prices and in high spirits qualities of foreign products. In Paracho, Mexico, for instance, things are acquire worse. A Mexican traditional guitar maker complains that his village has lost its notable craft of building guitars because of the invasion of the cheap and well-made guitars from China (Campbell, 2004).Paracho is not only losing its famous craft, but to a fault losing the smarter and more intelligent workers who are leaving it to seek better job opportunities in the Unite state of America. In fact, hundreds and hundreds of villages and cities, especially in developing countries, are losing their main industries in addition to their traditional crafts and therefore their people emigrate to avoid organism jobless. The second adverse effect of globalization is that it is gradually erasing the differences between cultures. needless to say, a culture is a set of value and assumptions that group of people hold, and what makes the differences between one nation and another is the variety of the differences between these values and these assumptions. Peoples thoughts all over the world about what is chichi and fashionable are starting to converge. Today, everyone seems to have the same desire which is purchasing what the advertisements want them to buy. The more you buy, the more happiness you get (Rifkin, 2003).For few intellectuals, globalization is making peoples desire cheap. It replaces peoples high and noble thoughts such as building their countries and contributing to human development with the culture of consumerism instead. Although many people all over the world acknowledge that globalization has provided them with many benefits, they have a strong feeling that globalization is slowly but surely obliterating their culture and traditional way of living. (The church bench Global Attitude Project).In conclusion, there is no doubt about the benefits that people all over the world gain from globalization. However, it causes developing countries severe problems. People in those countries are not only losing their jobs, but also their identities. They have become consumers of goods that are made in other countries. Globalization indeed is a huge challenge that many societies face some of them have successfully known how to cope with it, yet many of them, unfortunately, have not, and therefore they have become globalizations victims

Aligarh Movement – Essay

Syed Ahmad Khan was the first man to start a crystallise movement among the Muslims. This movement was known as the Aligarh Movement. To him Quran was the only current scripture for Islam and all other Islamic writings are subaltern and misnomer. For the safety of the Muslim community in India, he wanted to conserve cordial relation between the Muslims and the Bruisers. Further, he wanted to provide forward-looking education to the Muslims. For educating the Muslim society, Ahmad Khan established an incline Medium tutor at Ghazipur in 1864.Later on he established Vegan Samaj for translating position books to impart scientific knowledge to the Muslims. To materialise his dream, he established Mohammedan Anglo- oriental College at Aligarh which developed into Aligarh University in 1890, thus, the Aligarh movement was instrumental in banquet westerly education among the Muslims and developing religious fundamentalism within them. For achieving that end, he organise a Mohamme dan Educational Conference which fostered unity among the Muslims and spread western education among them.Taking chance of it, Theodore Back, the first principal of the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College and his successor Mr. Morrison spread communalism among the educated Muslims. The Aligarh Movement was instrumental in the social, sparing and educational progress of the Muslims in India. Due to the predominance of the Hindus in the subject awakening, Ahmad Khan launched this movement to safeguard the Muslim interest. Being deeply impress by the western education and culture, Ahmad Khan wanted to incline towards the English administrators of India and advised the Muslims to remain loyal to the British authority.In 1893, he organise the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Defense Association of. India and limited its leadership only to the Muslims. By this, he wanted to keep the Muslims away from politics. Syed Ahmad Khan also debate the All India Congress. Thus, the Aligarh Movement made the Muslim fundamentalism strong. The Bruisers capitalized this by sowing the seeds of communalism among the Muslims and followed their principle set apart and rule to secure their position in India.

A good detective story Essay

What makes the layer of The Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle a unplayful detective story? A story that tells of offence and the detective work of criminals. The dictionary definition of a detective story but this isnt on the whole we expect from a detective story. We expect atmospheric bandingtings, kindle characters, mysterious shame, suspense, an evil plot and a hero that saves the day mightily at the el raseth hour, accompanied by a faithful companion. These argon a few factors that mould together to make a good story.In this essay I will explore some of these factors and learn whether The Speckled Band has enough good features. Sherlock Holmes is the hero. He is the articulate detective that never ceases to amaze the reader with his extensive knowledge of the human he livelys in. The left arm of your jacket is splattered with mud the attach are perfect tensely fresh There is no vehicle save a dog-cart which throws up mud in that way . He is the perfect ge ntlemen and in my imagination is immaculately dressed in only the finest of clothes.However, I have seen illustrations of him that may have influenced this image. He doesnt seem to apprehension anything he handles the most dangerous situations with the calmest of attitudes. An eccentric of his fearless attitude is when Dr Roylott confronted him and sharp bent a poker bring turn out of shape. Holmes casually straightened it back out again and didnt lose his temper in the slightest. He gathers clues and even though they are mentioned to us, his intelligence allows him to see perfectly ordinary objects in a way we cant. For instance, a leash with a mile tied in it, or a saucer of milk.Holmes reveals that her knew they were part of the crime but how, we may never know. He seems to be able to fraction together hidden clues and build up to the final picture forwards the reader has even had chance to fathom out the first set of clues Hes quick, smart and can follows clues like a sl euthhound on a scent trail. Helen Stoner is the sister of the victim. She goes to Sherlock Holmes in confidence that he will solve the mystery and let her live in peace again. The death of her sister, Julia Stoner, shook her up so such(prenominal) that she shivers in fear. She was in a pitiable state of agitation her flavor was all drawn and grey and her eyes looked like those of a run animal. The death had caused her visible stress and she had become restless which in turn had affected her health. She is in a dangerous position and if Holmes doesnt act quickly, she too may suffer the same fate as her beloved sister. Dr Roylott is the father of Helen and Julia. His aggressive, violent nature does him no favours and if anything only confirms Holmes suspicions. An example of his frightful temper would be during his confrontation with Holmes see that you keep yourself out of my grip.Holmes, undeterred, carried on his investigations later to find Dr Roylott victim of his own crime dead. Julia Stoner, the initial victim, was engaged to a half pay major of the marines. We do not learn anything about her fianci?? other than this entropy. However, it is made clear that Julia acquire married would leave less inheritance for her father, Dr Roylott. This is the proposed motive. There is little information about Julia in the text but enough to start build ideas about the crime. The narrator, Dr Watson, an enthusiastic supporter and faithful friend of Sherlock Holmes, follows all Holmes investigations.He is quick to learn and very eager to do so me dear fellow, I would not miss it for anything. We are not inclined much information about him in the story, because he is telling it. completely these characters make the story an enjoyable read. As to the original question, what makes the story a good detective story, I think it is all the components such as the characters and their individual personalities a motive a crime the suspense and the settings. all told the se fit together to make the final picture, a good story

Summary by Uma Sekaran

CHAPTER I WHAT IS query??? Research is barg alone the process of conclusion forces to a line after a organic pick up and psycho abbreviation of the situational concomitantors. Business suspense systematic and organized exploit to investigate a special(prenominal) line of work encountered in the work setting, that inescapably a solution. It comprises a series of steps objectiveed and executed, with the destination of conclusion attend tos to the issues that ar of occupation to the charabanc in the work environment.Business inquiry organized, systematic, observational critical, objective, scientific inquiry or investigating into a specific problem, under issuancen with the invention of finding states or solutions to it. Yeah, ga usah bingung sama yang nam any(pre nominative)a mahluk bernama PENELITIAN. Intinya penelitian itu kan nyelidikin suatu ma salah buat nemuin solusinya. Prosesnya ga jauh beda sama usaha kita nyari kebenaran suatu gossip atau cari haphazardness tentang orang yang kita gebet. Bedanya RISET BISNIS ini harus dikerjain secara sistematis, selective in digitationnya jelas, dan ada dalil-dalil keilmuan yang sudah diakui dan terbukti keabsahannya.Santai semua orang pasti bisa menaklukan binatang yang bernama PENELITIAN ini khususnya SKRIPSI (buat mahasiswa S1). Chayo Pasti bisa TYPE OF BUSINESS RESEARCH virtu anyy(prenominal) dissimilar purposes of look for to solve a trustworthy problem confront by the manager in the work setting, demanding a sequencely solution (applied inquiry). to generate a body of knowledge by essay to secure how plastered problems that evanesce in brasss back tooth be solved (basic enquiry). utilize query explore d one(a) with the intention of applying the results of the findings to solve specific problems currently macrocosm experienced in the organization.Basic/fundamental/pure inquiry inquiry do chiefly to enhance the draw ining of certain problems that comm tha t occur in organisational settings, and jutk methods of solving them. CHAPTER II THE HALLMARKS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH The main distinguishing qualitys of scientific research 1. Purposiveness s gobted the research with a definite develop or purpose, purposive focus 2. Rigor cargonfulness, scrupulousness, the degree of crabby propositioneditude in research investigations. cracking theory-based base and a sound methodological design 3.Testableness research worker develops certain hypotheses, then these thunder mug be intumesce-tried by applying certain statistical probes to the info collected for the purpose 4. Replicability the results of the tests of hypotheses should be supported again and yet again when the equivalent type of research is repeated in other(a) similar circumtances 5. preciseness and confidence Precision the closeness of the findings to reality based on a assay. Reflects the degree of truth or axactitude of the results on the foot of the exempl ification to what really exist in the universe Confidence the probability that our estimations be correct 6.Objectivity the conclusions haggard by dint of the interpretation of the results of entropy analytic thinking based on the facts of the findings derived from actual data and not on our own subjective or emotional value 7. Generalizability the scope of applicability of the research findings in one organizational setting to other settings. The research sample design has to be logically real and a number of other details in the data- accrual methods aim to be meticulously followed 8. Parsimony simplicity in explaining the phenomena or problemsthat occur, and in generating solutions for the problems.Introduced with a good studying of the problem and the master(prenominal) calculates that deviates it good deviceual theoretic model The reason for following a scientific method is that the results impart be less prone to errors and more confidence can be displace in the findings because of the greater rigor in application of the design details. This as well as increases the replicability and generalizability of the findings. Makanya, ikutin deh aturan scientific method. Ibaratnya, meneliti juga ada rukunnya sama kayak sholat. Kalo kita sholat rukunnya berantakan, ga tertib urutan ga teratur, kan sholatnya jadi ga karuan tu.Ga jelas juntrungannya. Bisa-bisa ga ada artinya or ga ada nilainya. Prinsip harus bertindak sesuai rukun juga berlaku dalam melakukan penelitian. BUILDING BLOCKS OF scientific discipline IN RESEARCH logical implication the process by which we arrive at a reasoned conclusion by logical generalization of a cognise fact. Induction a process where we observe certain phenomena and on this basis arrive at conclusions. HYPOTHETICO-DEDUCTIVE METHOD 7 steps in the hypothetico-deductive method 1. Observation 2. preceding information gathering 3. Theory cooking 4. Hypothesizing 5.Further scientific data collection 6. Data outli ne 7. Deduction CHAPTER IV RESEARCH PROCESS Research process for basic and applied research 1. Observation broad domain of a manipulation of research refer identified 2. Preliminary data gathering interviewing, literature survey 3. Problem definition research problem delineated 4. Theoretical divinatory account inconstants clearly identified and labeled 5. Generation of hypotheses 6. Scientific research design 7. Data collection, abbreviation, and interpretation 8. Deduction hypotheses substantiated? Research question settlemented?Kalau pada tahap ini hipotesis dan pertanyaan permasalahan belum terjawab, maka kita harus kembali ke proses 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, atau pun 7. Yang sabar ya say( Kalau sudah terjawab, ya lanjut ke tahap selanjutnya 9. track writing 10. Report presentation 11. Managerial decision making Yeah, tahap pertama pasti observasi dulu. Gue inget banget, waktu pertama-tama dulu gue bilang mau ngangkat Kampung Betawi buat objek penelitian. Aswin bilang gini deh Kam u observasi dulu tu Kampung Betawi selama seminggu penuh berturut-turut. Kalo perlu, lo ga pulang-pulang, diem aja lo disana.Liatin orang-orang yang dateng, ada apa aja disana, ngapain aja, mereka dateng dari mana, pokoknya perhatiin apa aja yang terjadi di sana . Ga berenti sampe disitu Gue disuruh wawancara si empunya yang berkuasa di Kampung Betawi itu. Tanya tentang Kampung Betawi, secara implisit tanyain juga masalah apa yang dihadapi sama Kampung Betawi, gali sebanyak-banyaknya informasi untuk memahami objek penelitian lo. Dan yang ga kalah penting tanyain mereka punya data-data sesuai kebutuhan lo ga mereka bisa kasih data itu ke lo ga. Ini pentingKalo mereka ga bisa kasih data sesuai kebutuhan lo, batalkan niat lo buat ngangkat tu objek. Gue saranin (sangat) lo ganti objek aja. Daripada tar lo repot belakangan, mending antisipasi dari awal khan Oh, iya ga ketinggalan, gue juga disuruh cari teori dan penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Untuk memudahkan gue di masa mendatang. K alo lo udah observasi dan preliminary data gathering, baru deh lo bisa menemukan masalah utama yang akan lo angkat, secara spesifik, apa permasalahan yang picket fence menarik, discolor kritis, paling menggelitik, paling sensasional, yang paling membuat lo bertanya-tanya geregetan and penasaranSilakan berkhayal Abis itu, dengan teori-teori yang lo temukan, lo bikin model deh Despite the fact that the research model is depicted and discussed in this book as if it were a step-by-step linear process, one has to bear in mind that it is not actually so in practice. For example, though the literature search and interviews king view been conducted before formulating the theoretical framework, one may contrive to go back and conduct more interviews and/or seek additional information from the literature for a cle arr understanding, so as to refine the theory. Gue setuju banget sama pernyataan iniSoalnya gue juga ngerasain harus balik lagi, balik lagi, balik lagi, sampe gue bener-bener ng edapetin apa yang gue mau. Interview, nemu teori, interview, nemu teori, cari ketersediaan data, AARGGHH Mo gila Mungkin ini yang dimaksud aswin kalo nanti ternyata penemuan kamu ga cocok, ya kita rombak lagi. Sadis Sialan. Tapi kita tetap harus sabar SEMANGAAAAATTT Gue jadi inget pertanyaan Hermas kapan kita tau kalo penelitian kita udah bener-bener BENER??? . Dan aswin menjawab dengan sok romantis itu semua tergantung kecintaan kalian terhadap ilmu pengetahuan(.Makanya, bikin penelitian tentang sesuatu yang benar-benar lo sukai, lo cintai. Jadi di tengah-tengah kegilaan dan kebingungan, masih ada alasan waras kenapa lo masih mau ngelanjutin tu penelitian karna gue suka banget (selain karna alasan harus ngerjain skripsi su earningsa bisa lulus dari FE). Percaya deh, mengerjakan sesuatu yang lo suka bakal bikin HIDUP lebih HIDUP. OBSERVATION 1. Problems currently existing in an organizational setting that need to be solved 2. Areas that a manager believes need to be correctd in the organization 3.A notionual or theoretical issue that needfully to be tightened up for the basic researcher to understand certain phenomena 4. Some research questions that a basic researcher wants to answer empirically PRELIMINARY DATA COLLECTION 1. Background information of the organization that is, the contextual factors The origin and history of the company when it came into being, business concern it is in, rate of growth, self-will and control, and so on Size in terms of employees, assets, or both Charter purposes and ideology Location regional, national, or other Resources human and others inter symbiotic familys with other institutions and the external environment Financial position during the antecedent 5 to 10 years, and relevant financial data 2. Managerial philosophy, company policies, and other structural aspects Roles and positions in the organization and number of employees at all(prenominal) barter direct Extent of specialization Communication chann els Control systems Coordination and thwart of control Reward systems Workflow systems and the like 3. Perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral rejoinders of organizational members and guest systems (as applic qualified) Nature of the work Workflow interdependencies Superiors in the organization Participation in decision making Client systems Co-workers Rewards provided by the organization, such as pay raises and fringe benefits Opportunities for advancement in the organization Organizations attitudes toward employees family responsibilities lodges involvement with community, civic, and other social convocations Companys border of employees taking era off from the job LITERATURE SURVEY Good literature survey ensure that 1. Important multivariates that ar likely to influence the problem situation argon not left out of the film 2.A cle arr idea emerges as to what uncertains would be intimately important to consider (parsimony), wherefore they would be consider ed important, and how they should be investigated to solve the problem. Thus, the literature survey helps the development of the theoretical framework and hypotheses for exam 3. The problem statement can be do with precision and clarity 4. Testability and replicability of the findings of the current research are enhanced 5. single(a) does not run the risk of reinventing the wheel that is, wasting efforts on trying to rediscover several(prenominal)(a)thing that is already known 6.The problem investigated is perceived by the scientific community as relevant and substantive PROBLEM DEFINITION constrict shovel in the problem from its original broad base and outline the issues of concern more clearly. It is critical that the focus of further research, or in other words, the problem, be unambiguously identified and defined. No amount of good research can find solutions to the situation, if the critical issue or the problem to be studied is not clearly pinpointed. A problem do es not inescapably mean that something is seriously wrong with a current situation that needs to be rectified immediately. A problem could simply indicate an engross in an issue where finding the right answers might help to improve an existing situation. It is fruitful to define a problem as any situation where a gap exists mingled with the actual and the desired nonesuch states. Is this factor I take on identified an antecendent, the real problem, or the consequence? Problem definition or problem statement a clear, precise, and drumhead statement of the question or issue that is to be investigated with the goal of finding an answer or solution. Could pertain to 1. Existing business problems where a manager is looking for a solution (applied research) 2.Situations that may not pose any current problems but which the manager feels have scope for improvement (applied research) 3. Areas where some planual clarity is need for better theory building (basic research) 4. Situa tions in which a researcher is trying to answer a research question empirically because of care in the topic (basic research) CHAPTER V NEED FOR supposed FRAMEWORK Theoretical framework a conceptual model of how one theorizes or makes logical sense of the relationships among the several factors that have been identified as important to the problem. This theory flows logically from documentation of previous research in the problem heavens. ? Integrating ones logical beliefs with published research, taking into consideration the boundaries and constraints governing the situation, is pivotal in exploitation a scientific basis for investigating the research problem. ? Theoretical framework discusses the interrelationships among the uncertains that are deemed to be integral to the dynamics of the situation being investigated. From the theoretical framework, then, tes plug-in hypotheses can be developed to examine whether the theory formulated is valid or not. ? The full(a) research rests on the basis of the theoretical framework. VARIABLES Variable anything that can take on differing or varying values. 4 main types of variables 1. bodeent variable (also known as the criterion variable) 2. self-sufficing variable (also known as visitor variable) 3. Moderating variable 4. Intervening variable Dependent variable Variable of elemental interest to the researcher The researchers goal is to understand and limn the low-level variable, or to explain its variability, or predict it The main variable that lends itself for investigation as a viable factor It is possible to have more than one mutually beneficial variable in a field of battle Pantesan Mungkin ini yang dimaksud aswin dengan pertanyaan yang selalu dia tujukan ke gue WHAT DO YOU WANT???.. tujuan lo apa sih??? Lo mau apa ha??? . Nah, kalo kayak gini gue jadi bingung lagi nih. Jadi dependent variable gue jumlah pengunjung atraksi wisata budaya PBB atau keinginan mengunjungi atraksi wisata budaya PBB? ???? Duh jadi bingung mikir lagi deh.Wahai teman, makanya selalu tanyakan dan pastikan tujuan akhir apa yang lo mau??? . Itulah dependent variable lo (hmm,,, sepertinya ini ga cuma berlaku buat penelitian deh, tapi dalam kehidupan nyata lo juga what do you want??? ) Independent variable One that influences the dependent variable in either a positive or negative way When the main(a) variable is present, the dependent variable is also present With distributively unit of increase in the independent variable, there is an increase or decrease in the dependent variable also Variance in the dependent variable is accounted for by the independent variableModerating variable One that has a strong contingent prepare on the independent variable-dependent variable relationship Whenever the relationship betwixt the independent variable and dependent variable becomes contingent or dependent on another variable, we say that the third variable has a moderating gear up on the independent v ariable-dependent variable relationship The variable that moderates the relationship is known as the moderating variable Intervening variable One that surfaces betwixt the time the independent variables start operational to influence the dependent variable and the time their impact is felt on it There is thus a temporal quality or time dimension to the intervening variable The intervening variable surfaces as a function of the independent variable(s) operating in any situation, and helps to conceptualize and explain the influence of the independent variable(s) on the dependent variable THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ? It becomes evident at this story that to arrive at good solutions to the roblem, one should correctly identify the problem first, and then the variables that contribute to it. ? After identifying the take away variables, the next step is to work out the ne 2rk of associations among the variables, so that relevant hypotheses can be developed and subsequently tested. ? Based on the results of hypotheses interrogatory (which would indicate whether or not the hypotheses have been supported), the end to which the problem can be solved would become evident.Theoretical framework elaborates the relationships among the variables, explains the theory underlying these relations, and describes the constitution and concern of the relationships. A good theoretical framework identifies and labels the important variables in the situation that are relevant to the problem identified. Berarti gue bener donggue ga ngikutin teori dan penelitian lainnya secara plek-plekan sama Gue pake mereka dengan menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi kasus gue, si PBB. 5 basic features that should be incorporate in any theoretical framework 1.The variables considered relevant to the ruminate should be clearly identified and labeled in the discussions. 2. The discussions should state how ii or more variables are related to one another. This should be done for the important relatio nships that are theorized to exist among the variables. 3. If the nature and direction of the relationships can be theorized on the basis of findings of previous research, then there should be an indication in the discussions as to whether the relationships would be positive or negative. 4. There should be a clear explanation of why we would expect these relationships to exist.This arguments could be drawn from the previous research findings. 5. A schematic diagram of the theoretical framework should be given so that the reader can see and easily circumnavigate the theorized relationship. HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT Hypotheses development formulating such testable statement Hypotheses a logically conjectured relationship amidst two or more variables expressed in the form of a testable statement ? To call a relationship statistically noteworthy, we should be confident that 95 times out of 100 the observed relationship will hold true ? Only a 5% chance that the relationship would not b e detectedStatement of hypotheses format If-then statement directional ? The direction of the relationship in the midst of the variables (positive/negative) is indicated ? The nature of the release between two groups on a variable (more than/less than) is postulated Nondirectional ? Do postulate a relationship or difference, but twist no indication of the direction of these relationships or differences ? It may be conjectured that there would be a significant relationship between two variables, we may not be able to say whether the relationship would be positive or negative ? develop either because the relationships or differences have never been previously explored &038 no basis for indicating the direction, or because there have been conflicting findings in previous research studies on the variables unprofitable and switch over hypotheses Null hypothesis a hypnotism that states a definitive, exact relationship between two variables ? States that the world correlation c oefficient between two variables is equal to nought or that the difference in the representation of two groups in the population is equal to zero (or some definite number) ?Expressed as no (significant) relationship between two variables or no (significant) difference between two groups Alternate hypotheses the mated of the null ? Statement expressing a relationship between two variables or indicating differences between groups If we reject the null hypothesis, then all permissible alternating(a) hypotheses relating to the cross relationship tested could be supported Example directional (group differences) ? Null hypothesis H0 M = W H0 M W = 0 ? Alternate hypothesis HA M < W HA M > W Nondirectional (group differences) ? Null hypothesis H0 AM = AS H0 AM AS = 0 Alternate hypothesis H0 AM ? AS Directional (relationship between 2 variables) ? Null hypothesis H0 there is no relationship between stress experienced on the job and the job satisfaction of employees H 0 ? = 0 ? Alternate hypothesis HA ? < 0 Nondirectional (relationship between 2 variables) ? Null hypothesis H0 ? = 0 ? Alternate hypothesis HA ? ? 0 locomote in hypotheses testing 1. State the null and the riffle hypotheses 2. Choose the admit statistical test depending on whether the data collected are parametric or nonparametric 3. Determine the level of importee desired (p=0. 5, or more, or less) 4. See if the output results from computer psychoanalysis indicate that the significance level is met. If, as in the case of Pearson correlation analysis in Excel software, the significance level is not indicated in the printout, look up the critical values that defined the regions of acceptance on the appropriate table (t, F, X2) see tables at the end of the book. This critical value demarcates the region of rejection from that of acceptance of the null hypotheses. 5. When the resultant value is hulkingr than critical value, the null hypotheses is rejected, and the alternate accepted.If the calculated value is less than the critical value, the null is accepted and the alternate rejected. Hypotheses generation and testing can be done both through with(predicate) deduction and induction Deduction the theoretical model is first developed, testable hypotheses are then formulated, data collected, and then the hypotheses are tested. Induction new hypotheses are formulated based on what is known from the data already collected, which are then tested. CHAPTER VI RESEARCH DESIGN Purpose of the study Types of investigation Extent of researcher interference Study setting Unit of analysis (population to be studied) Time horizon PURPOSE OF THE contain Exploratory study When not lots is known to the highest degree the situation at hand, or no information is procurable on how similar problems or research issues have been solved in the past To better comprehend the nature of the problem since very few studies might have been conducted in that area When s ome facts are known, but more information is needed for developing a viable theoretical framework For obtaining a good graps of the phenomena of interest and advancing knowledge through subsequent theory building and hypotheses testingDescriptive study To ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of the variables of interest in a situation The goal to offer to the researcher a profile or to describe relevant aspects of the phenomena of interest from an single(a), organization, industry-oriented, or other perspective invest data in meaningful form, help to ? Understand the characteristics of a group in a given situation ? Think systematically about aspects in a given situation ? Offer ideas for further canvass and research ? Help make certain simple decisions Hypotheses testing condone the nature of certain relationships, or defecate the differences among groups or the independence of two or more factors in a situation To explain the var. in the dependent vari able or to predict organizational outlet Case study analysis Involve in-depth, contextual analyses of matters relating to similar situations in other organizations Problem-solving technique Qualitative in nature, useful in applying solutions to current problems based on past problem-solving experiences Useful in understanding certain phenomena, and generating further theories for empirical testingTYPE OF INVESTIGATION Causal study the study in which the researcher wants to delineate the cause of one or more problems correlational study when the researcher is interested in delineating the important variables associated with the problem STUDY SETTING Field studies correlational studies done in organizations Field experiments studies conducted to establish cause-and-effect relationship utilize the akin natural environment in which employees ordinarily fuctionLab experiments experiments done to establish cause and effect relationship beyond the porta of the least doubt require the creation of an artificial, contrived environment in which all the extraneous factors are strictly controlled. Similar subjects are choosen cautiously to respond to certain manipulated stimuli UNIT OF ANALYSIS Unit of analysis level of aggregation of the data collected during the subsequent data analysis stage. Depend on problem statement focuses. Individual data gathered from individually(prenominal) individual and treating distributively employees response as an individual data sourceDyads interested in studying two-persons interactions, then several two-persons groups Groups even though we may gather relevant data from all individuals comprising, we would aggregate the individual data into group data so as to see the differences among some groups (missal jadi 6 group) Our research question mends the unit of analysis. TIME HORIZON cross-sectional/one-shot studies data are gathered just once, perhaps over a period of days or weeks or moths, in order to answer a research que stionLongitudinal studies data on the dependent variable are gathered at two or more points in time to answer the research question CHAPTER VIII OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Operationalizing the concepts lessening of abstract concept to render them measurable in a obvious way Operationalizing defining a concept to render it measurable, is done by looking at the behavioral dimensions, facets, or properties denoted by the concept Operationalizing the concept ? They would probably have some typical broad characteristics, which we call dimensions. ? Examining each of the dimension and breaking each further into its members ?These should somehow be discernible and quantitatively measurable What an operational definition is not Does not describe the correlates of the concept Does not consist of delineating the reasons, antecedents, consequences, or correlates of the concept If we either operationalize the concepts falsely or confuse them with other concepts, then we will not have valid b eaks. This heart that we will not have good data, and our research will not be scientific. Yeahkalo kita salah mengoperasionalisasikan suatu variabel, fatal akibatnya.Bisa-bisa kita salah bikin pertanyaan buat diukur nilainya. Jelek deh datanya. (kayaknya gue baru sadar deh kalo gue salah operasionalisasi. Hix. ) Tips agar tidak salah operasionalisasi variabel ? Bikin landasan teori yang bagus semua berawal dari landasan teori ? Selalu temukan definisi yang tepat dari sebuah konsep ataupun variabel. DEFINISI itu kunci yang penting Kalo kata Lovelock -si professor pemasaran jasa yang kita selalu punya kunci cinta- If you cant define something, you cant mensuration it, and what you cant measure you cant manage. Punya definisi yang tepat, pasti akan menuntun lo kepada operasionalisasi variabel yang tepat. Ini teori gue, hehe ((((( (berdasarkan pengalaman pribadi). Pantesan, aswin selalu bertanya pada gue ini definisinya apa? Itu definisinya apa? . Hmmmm. pantesaku baru mengerti seka rang. SCALES Scale a tool or mechanism by which individuals are distinguished as to how they differ from one another on the variables of interest to our study 4 basic types of musical scale leafs nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio tokenish scale One that allows researcher to assign subjects to certain categories or groups ?Assigned code number ? These number serve as simple and convenient year labels with no intrinsic value, other than to assign respondents to one of two nonoverlapping or mutually exclusive categories ? Note that the categories are also collectively complete(a) ? The information is to calculate the percentage (or frequency) Ordinal scale not tho categorizes the variables in such a way as to denote differences among the mingled categories, it also rank-orders the categories in some meaningful way ?Helps the researcher to determine the percentage of respondents who consider interaction with others as most important, those who consider using a number of diff erent skills as most important, and so on time interval scale let us measure the distance between any two points on the scale ? Helps us to compute the means and the mensuration deviations of the responses on the variables ? Not only groups individuals according to certain categories and lights-out the order of these groups, it also measures the magnitude of the differences in the preferences among individuals ? The origin, or the offset point, could be any arbitrary number ?More powerful scale than the nominal and ordinal scale, and has for its measure of substitution tendency the arithmetic mean ? It measures of diffusion are the range, the standard deviation, and the variance Ratio scale not only measures the magnitude of the differences between points on the scale but also lights-out the proportions in the differences ? It has an absolute (in contrast to an arbitrary) zero point, which is a meaningful beat point ? The most powerful of the 4 scales because it has a unique zero origin (not an arbitrary origin) and subsumes all the properties of the other three scalesUse of 4 types of scales Nominal scale for obtaining personal data such as gender or department Ordinal scale to rank the preferences or usage of mingled brands of a product by individuals and to rank order individuals, objects, or events Interval scale when responses to various items that measure a variable can be tapped on a five-point (or seven-point or any other number of points) scale, which can thereafter be summated across the items Ratio scale when exact poem on objective (as opposed to subjective) factor are called for CHAPTER IXGOODNESS OF MEASURES Goodness of measures middling sure that the shafts we use in our research do indeed measure the variables they are supposed to, and that they measure them accurately Item analysis to see if the items in the instrument belong there or not. ? The means between the high-score group and the low-score group are tested to detect sig nificant difference through the t-values ? The items with a high t-value (test which is able to identify the super acuate items in the instrument) are then included in the instrumentRELIABILITY Reliability tests how consistently a measuring instrument measures whatever concept it is measuring tax stability and physical structure Reliability Stability of measures the ability of a measure to remain the same over time despite uncontrollable testing conditions or the state of the respondents themselves ? Test-retest dependableness the reliableness coefficient obtained with a repetition of the same measure on a second occasion, the higher(prenominal) the better ?Parallel-form reliability when responses on two comparable sets of measures tapping the same construct are highly check Internal consistency of measures the items should hang in concert as a set and be capable of independently measuring the same concept so that the respondents attach the same overall meaning to each of the items ? Interitem consistency reliability test of the consistency of respondents answer to all the items in a measure. To the degree that the items are independent measures of the same concept, they will be correlative with one another.Cronbachs coefficient alpha used for multipoint-scaled items, Kuder-Richardson formulas used for dichotomous items. The higher the coefficients, the better the measuring instrument ? Split-half reliability reflects the correlations between two halves of an instrument VALIDITY Validity tests how well an instrument that is developed measures the particular concept it is intended to measure Whether we measure the right concept Validity capacity validity ensures that the measure includes an adequate and congresswoman set of items that tap the concept.A function of how well the dimensions and elements of a concept have been delineated Criterion-related validity establish when the measure differentiates individuals on a criterion it is expected to predict pee validity testifies to how well the results obtained from the use of the measure fit the theories around which the test is designed ? Correlational analysis as in the case of establishing synchronous and predictive validity or convergent and discriminant validity ?Factor analysis a multivariate technique that would confirm the dimensions of the concept that have been operationally defined, as well as indicate which of the items are most appropriate for each dimension ? Multitrait multimethod hyaloplasm of correlations derived from measuring concepts by different forms and different methods CHAPTER XI POPULATION, ELEMENT, POPULATION FRAME, try on, &038 SUBJECT world the entire group of people, events, or things of interest that the researcher wishes to investigateElement a single member of the population Population frame a listing of all the elements in the population from which the sample is drawn take a subset of the population, it comprises some members selected from it Subject a single member of the sample SAMPLING Sampling the process of selecting a fitting number of elements from the population, so that the study of the sample and an understanding of its properties or characteristics would make it possible for us to generalize such properties or characteristics to the population elements ? each conclusions drawn about the sample under study are reason to the population ? Xbar, S, S2 are used as estimates of the population parameters ? , ? , ? 2 rationalness for try out Self-evident Time, cost, and other human resources considered Sometimes likely to beget more reliable results Representativeness of samples Rarely will the sample be the exact replica of the population from which it is drawn If we choose the sample in a scientific way, we can be reasonably sure that the sample statistic (e. . ,Xbar, S, S2) is pretty close to the population parameter (i. e. ,? , ? , ? 2) NORMALITY OF DISTRIBUTIONS ? Attributes or characteristic s of the population are generally normally distributed ? If we take a sufficiently large number of samples and choose them with care, we will have a take distribution of the means that has normality ? This is the reason that the two important issues in sampling are the sample size (n) and the sampling design ?If our sampling design and sample size are right, the sample mean Xbar will be in spite of appearance close range of the true population mean (? ) ? The more representative of the population the sample is, the more generalizable are the findings of the research 2 study types of sampling design 1. Probability sampling Simple random sampling Complex probability sampling ? Systematic sampling ? Stratified random sampling ? per capita and dissymmetrical stratified random sampling ? clunk sampling ? Single-stage and multistage cluster sampling Area sampling ? Double sampling 2. Nonprobability sampling Convenience sampling Purposive sampling ? Judgment sampling ? Quota sampling PROBABILITY SAMPLING Probability sampling when elements in the population have a known chance of being chosen as subjects in the sample Simple random sampling every element in the population has a known and equal chance of being selected as a subject ? outdo when the generalizability of the findings to the whole population is the main objective of the study Complex probability sampling Systematic sampling drawing every nth element in the population starting with a randomly chosen element between 1 and n ? trounce when the population frame is large, and a listing of the elements is conveniently available at one place Stratified random sampling a process stratification or segregation, followed by random selection of subjects from each stratum. The population is first divided into mutually exclusive groups that are relevant, appropriate, and meaningful in the context of the study ? trump out when differentiated information is needed regarding various strata inwardly the po pulation, which are known to differ in their parameters Proportionate and disproportionate stratified random sampling Proportionate the subjects drawn from each stratum, members represented in the sample from each stratum will be proportionate to the total number of elements in the respective strata Disproportionate the subjects drawn from each stratum, the number of subjects from each stratum will now be altered, while keeping the sample size unchanged Cluster sampling when several groups with intragroup heterogeneity and intergroup homogeneity are found, then a random sampling of the clusters or groups can ideally be done and information gathered from each of the members in the randomly chosen clusters ? Best when heterogeneous group is to be studied at one time Single-stage and multistage cluster sampling the division of of the population into convenient clusters, randomly choosing the required number of clusters as sample subjects, and investigating all the elements in each of the randomly chosen clusters Area sampling constitutes geographical clusters, when the research pertains to populations within identifiable geographical areas such as coutries, city blocks, or particular boundaries within a locality ? Best when the goal of the research is wrapped to a particular locality or area Double sampling where initially a sample is used in a study to collect some preliminary information of interest, and later a subsample of this primary sample is used to examine the matter in more detail ? Best provided added information at minimal additional expenditureNONPROBABILITY SAMPLING Nonprobability sampling the elements in the population do not have any probabilities tie to their being chosen as sample subjects Convenience sampling collection of information from members of the population who are conveniently available to provide it ? Best to obtain some quick information to get a feel for the phenomenon or variables of interest Purposive sampling confined a s pecific types of people who can provide the desired information, either because they are the only ones who have it, or conform to some criteria set by the researcher Judgment sampling the choice of subjects who are most advantageously placed or in the best position to provide the information required ? Best where the collection of specialized informed inputs on the topic area researched is vital, and the use of any other sampling design would not offer opportunities to obtain the specialized information Quota sampling a form of proportionate stratified sampling, in which a predetermined proportion of people are sampled from different groups, but on a convenience basis ?Best for the inclusion of all groups in the system researched ISSUES IN DETERMINING SAMPLE SIZE 1. Precision ? How close our estimate is to the true population characteristic ? The narrower this interval, the greater the precision ? A function of the range of variability in the sampling distribution of the sample mea n ? If we want to reduce the standard error given a particular standard deviation in the sample, we need to increase the sample size 2. Confidence ? How certain we are that our estimates will really hold true for the population ?Reflects the level of conclusion with which we can state that our estimates of the population parameters will hold true ? A 95% confidence is the conventionally accepted level for most business research, most commonly expressed by denoting the significance level as p? 0. 05 ? At least 95 times out of 100, our estimate will reflect the true population characteristic The sample size, n, is a function of 1. The variability in the population 2. Precision or true statement needed 3. Confidence level desired 4. Type of sampling plan used 4 aspects while making decisions on the sample size . How much precision is really needed in estimating the population characteristics of interest what is the margin of allowable errors? 2. How much confidence is really needed how much chance can we take of making errors in estimating the population parameters? 3. To what extent is there variability in the population on the characteristics investigated? 4. What is the cost-benefit analysis of change magnitude the sample size? Roscoe (1975) rules of thumb for determining sample size 1. Sample sizes larger than 30 and less than 500 are appropriate for most research 2.Where samples are to be broken into subsamples (exmale/female, etc), a borderline sample size of 30 for each category is necessary 3. In multivariate research (including multiple regression analysis), the sample size should be several times (preferably 10 times or more) as large as the number of variables in the study 4. For simple experimental research with tight experimental controls (matched pairs, etc), successful research is possible with samples as flyspeck as 10 to 20 in size Kalo menurut gue sih, tahapan yang paling genting dan paling kritis ya di pembuatan BAB 3 alias pembuatan/pen entuan metodologi ini.Ibaratnya bikin racikan obat, BAB 3 ini kayak tahap ketika lo lagi menentukan takaran dosis setiap elemen ramuan (ya populasi, ya sample, ya lainnya). Kalo dosisnya kurang, pasien ga sembuh, merana harus menderita terus-menerus. Kalo dosisnya berlebihan, pasien over dosis, meledak nanti Dua-duanya sama-sama gawat. Kalo lo udah bikin BAB 3 lo dengan benar, selanjutnya gampang kok, tinggal ngambil data or sebar kuesioner, analisa. Tingal jalan. ga perlu berlari-lari jatuh bangun kedebak-kedebuk. Well, udah bisa berpikir lebih santai lah.. Tapi ingetBAB 3 juga berasal dari BAB 2 computer simulation penelitian lo kan berasal dari landasan teori di BAB 2. salaah teori, bisa-bisa salah model. Salah model, berakibat salah operasionalisasi variabel. Salah operasionalisasi variabel, salah kuesioner. Salah kuesioner, salah data. Salah data, tebak sendiri. Tapi, BAB 2 juga berasal dari BAB 1 lho. Lo kan harus tau permasalahan lo dengan jelas tuh. Apa yang jadi latar bel akang permasalahannya, apa hasil akhir yang lo mau. Semua itu yang menentukan teori-teori apa aja yang lo butuhin untuk dicantumin Hahahaha.Intinya sih, semua harus dikerjakan secara berurutan yah BAB 1-2-3. Inget prinsip rukun yang gue jabarin di atas. Pokoknya selamat mengerjakan BAB1,2,3 bolak-balik deh. 1,2,3 3,2,1 2,1,3 begitu aja terus Yang penting sabar semua harus dikerjakan dengan ketenangan akal dan pikiran. Nikmatin aja prosesnya((( goodluck yo CHAPTER XII 4 steps in data analyis 1. Getting data ready for analyis 2. Getting a feel for the data 3. examen the goodness of data 4. Testing the hypotheses get DATA READY FOR ANALYSIS Editing data ? Data have to be edited Information that may have been noted down by the interviewer, observer, or researcher in a hurry must be clearly deciphered so that it may be coded systematically in its entirety ? Incoming mailed questionnaire data have to be checked for incompleteness and inconsistencies Handling outer space responses ? Not all respondents answer every item in the questionnaire ? Blank because the respondent did not understand the question, did not know the answer, was not willing to answer, or was simply impertinent to the need to respond to the entire questionnaire ?Way to handle a blank response Assign the midpoint in the scale as the response to that particular item Allow the computer to ignore the blank responses when the analysis are done Assign to the item the mean value of the responses of all those who have responded to that particular item Give the item the mean of the responses of this particular respondent to all other questions measuring this variable Give the missing response a random number within the range for that scale Coding ? Code the responses Coding sheet first to transcribe the data from the questionnaire and then key in the data Categorization ? Set up scheme for categorizing the variables such that the several items measuring a concept are all grouped together ? Resp onses to some of the negatively worded questions have also to be reversed so that all answers are in the same direction Entering data ? Questionnaire data are collected on scanner answer sheets or tha raw data manually name into the computer DATA ANALYSIS 3 objectives in data analysis 1.Getting a feel for the data 2. Testing the goodness of data 3. Testing the hypotheses developed for the research Feel for the data Examination of the measure of central tendency, and how clustered or dispersed the variables are, gives a good idea of how well the questions were framed for tapping the concept The statistics give feel for the data ? The frequency distributions for the demographic variables ? The mean, standard deviation, range, and variance on the other dependent and independent variables ?An intercorrelation matrix of the variables, irrespective of whether or not the hypotheses are directly related to these analysis Testing goodness of data Reliability ? Testing consistency and sta bility ? Consistency indicates how well the items measuring a concept hang together as a set ? Cronbachs alpha is a reliability coefficient that indicates how well the items in a set are positively correlated to one another ? The closer Cronbachs alpha is to 1, the higher the congenital consistency reliability Validity Factorial validity can be established by submitting the data for factor analysis ? The results of factor analysis (a multivariate technique) will confirm whether or not the theorized dimensions emerge Hypotheses testing Test the hypotheses already developed for the study Analisis. Selamat merangkai kata. Selamat merangkai logika Ayo fitut. Yang rajin dong ah Jangan menunda-nunda PEKERJAAN TEKNIS SPECIMENT FORMAT FOR REFERENCING APA FORMAT hold up by single author Leshin, C. B. (1997). Management on the World total Web.Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall. Book by more than one author Cornett, M. , Wiley, B. J. , &038 Sankar, S. (1998) The pleasures of nurturing. ca pital of the United Kingdom McMunster Publishing. Book review Nichols, P. (1998). A new look at syndicate Services check into of the book Providing Home Services to the Elderly by Girch, S. Family Review Bulletin, 45, 12-13. diary Article Jeanquart, S. , &038 Peluchette, J. (1997). Diversity in the workforce and management models. Journal of Social Work Studies, 43 (3), 72-85.

Gender Identity Essay

There are many factors that idler look on sexual activity identity. There is continuous research comparing the affect of twain biology and environment on sexuality identity. Gender identity is most always chromosomal sex although that isnt enough to rule step forward the affect of environment. Intersexuals are rare individuals who posses the typical orthogonal privates opus possessing ambiguous sexual organs of the other sex. There are also hermaphrodites who possess both(prenominal) testicular and ovarian wander. These two factors that determine gender identity are caused by hormonal factors in prenatal development. Hermaphrodites usually assume the gender identity of the sex assignment at birth.A sex assignment is the process of ascertain the sex of a boor at birth. Intersexualism has given scientists a chance to compare environment and biology. Intersexualism intend a person possesses a whole, either priapic or distaff reproductive organs. They also possess in ternal or orthogonal tissue of the other sex. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a form of intersexualism in which a genetic fe antheral has internal female sexual structures but masculinized external genitals. Androgen-insensitivity syndrome is a form of intersexualism in which a genetic male is prenatally insensitive to androgens such that his genitals are not normally masculinized.Dominican majority rule Syndrome is a form intersexualism in which a genetic enzyme disorder prevents testosterone from masculinizing the external genitalia. CAH is caused by exposure to androgens which are produced naturally through adrenal or mothers may put one over received synthetic androgens to prevent miscarriage in women who have a family history of miscarriages. Research has been done on CAH and results have shown that girls with CAH act more than than like a boy. They are more evoke in masculine toys such as trucks while girls without are more interested in beting with dolls. Girls with CAH show more aggression in play and tend to have more male friends while girls without CAH play with other girls. There are many kinds of androgen-insensitivity syndrome. One involves a male having a sensitivity to prenatal androgen due to a mutated gene. At birth, their genitals are feminized and can even include a sensitive vagina. This insensitivity causes male internal reproductive organs to remain undeveloped. Girls can have partial androgen-insensitivity syndrome or complete androgen-insensitivity syndrome.Girls with CAIS develop typical genital external organs but their internal reproductive organs to not function properly. Girls with PAIS are usually raised as boys but sometimes as girls. Research results show that women with PAIS have no difference in gender identity in comparison to women without although they are born with external masculinized genitalia. Three things that have effected the gender identity of my own are very simple and generic. Of course, I have ex ternal male genitalia which in turn makes the perception I have of myself lean more towards creation a man. I was raised by mom and altogether my mom so being the man of the house was always being presented to me because I was also an only child. This masculinized my attitude overall and gave me an alpha male self-esteem at an early age.I played a chain reactor of sports which exposed me to aggressive play and taught me how to play hard. One of my reasons is backed by biology and the other two are backed by environment. This doesnt mean that environment has a larger affect on gender identity but it is the direction I chose to go when analyzing my own factors of determining my gender identity. In conclusion, there is still no real do when the question is asked nature or nurture? Gender identity is generally influenced by biology and prenatal androgens but parenting and encouraging by a primary caregiver can influence gender identity greatly. many factors can determine gender ide ntity and prenatal conditions can cause internal and external differences in genitalia which will affect both sex assignment and gender identity.

Working and Going to School

Working, p atomic number 18nting, and divergence to civilize argon tough Is it possible to accomplish my goals and still meet cursory responsibilities? Working a full- quantify job, being a private pargonnt, and waiver to college ar emotionally draining. Its stressful, frustrating, and hard to be positive at times when there are so many demands on time. Goals dismiss be accomplished and still meet e rattlingday responsibilities. Working, parenting, and freeing to take aim are tough. Working a full time job is demanding. rifle up early and micturateing late is physically draining. Day to day responsibilities need to be met which adds stress.My job is physically demanding on a insouciant basis. I work in the service field where I work outside everyday in any kind of weather. Heavy lifting, climbing, polish off the job at hand, all the while praying I go denture safe and in atomic number 53 piece at the end of the day. I was waiting tables, going nowhere, said Lynch, 32 , and a single mother of mavin. I was in a rut for a long, long time. (Brindley, 2006) Those statements made me gauge about what Im doing to change my life for the better. A one income household requires that I drag my behind out of bed on a daily basis and do my job to the best of my business leader in hunting lodge to pay the bills.Im a single parent of a 15 year old missy whom I love very more than. creation a single parent isnt easy. The sole responsibility of a raising a child to be responsible and disciplined is entirely up to the single parent. I smatter with my daughter on a regular basis about my assignments and what my grades are in my courses. She cheers for me when I demand excellent scores on tests. I need all the motivation I can possibly get. Recently, my daughter sprained her foot at school and has been on crutches for the past two weeks. Ive made changes to my daily schedule to accommodate her needs.She is in a walkway cast now but still stubborn and deman ding. She is a regular teenager that plans activities with her friends and needs Mom to get her where she needs to go. nurture and grades are a constant struggle with her. I cant get through to her know it all head that doing her homework and studying for tests are a must to get decent grades. I see that if I am going to be a positive role model, going back to school and succeeding in my courses. (Seastrand, 2007) When her grades are subject she has no privileges. Thats when Mom gets a break Shes non much fun to be around during these times either.Attending online college courses is mentally and physically demanding. Staying organized isnt an easy task. Organization is the key to your success. If you have no idea what assignments are due, what appointments at work or school are up ahead you leave behind get more stressed which will make your GPA plummet. check your home organized with your textbooks in one spot, your bills and mail in another spot, etc. Patience and priorities are a necessity. Take the time to stay organized and presumet procrastinate. (Comments on How to Manage tutor While Working, 2005) Im constantly iron heel my daughter off of the computer in order to get assignments done.Deadlines for assignments dont change but need to be broken down into tasks on a daily basis to meet the deadlines. Attending college courses is stressful. The finality to start taking college courses and working towards my B. A. in Accounting was easy. How was I going to pay for my education? I applied for grants and loans for this year. I had to wait some(prenominal) months before I did get my approval after starting my courses. I can breathe a little easier now but I still have several more years in order to finish my degree. I am in the midst of checking into scholarships which will greatly help the financial needs of school.Re-organizing my schedule in order to complete assignments and study is an on-going struggle. Will I be successful in my college cour ses and get good grades? Im constantly working on this and praying for the best. be a single college mother is a hard boost/win situation and the long term effects are most important. (Seastrand, 2007) Being a good example to my daughter and getting good grades on work is my motivation to keep going. Organization, communication, patience, and priorities are necessities and the keys to success. (Comments on How to Manage School While Working, 2005).Here is one statement that really struck me and I hope it helps other students also. Most importantly, always believe YOU CAN DO IT Becoming more educated will change your life. In the famous words of someone whose name I have forgotten It is neer too late to be who you were meant to become. Good luck, Im force for you (Comments on How to Manage School While Working, 2005) Another insight was not listening to people who say what your doing will be too hard. Keep pushing through and before you know it your degree requirements will b e satisfied and your child will be clapping for you on commencement exercise day.Go easy on yourself and keep things as simple as possible. Rely on friends and family if need be. (Seastrand, 2007). Working a full time job, being a single parent, and going to college are all very stressful but goals can be accomplished with organization and patience. References Brindley, M. (2006, November). outlet back to college made easier for single parents hoping to improve their lives. Comments on How to Manage School While Working (2005, 22 November). Seastrand, A. , (2007, April). Whats a Mom to Do? College Mom Magazine

Consumer Traits and Behavior Paper

The practice of making a buy or the mold of purchasing habits consists of several unseen processes. Most of these processes consist of consumer traits, social, psychological, decision, and behavior processes, which argon in indispensability of look. Organized study has gathered several theories and reasons concerning how, and wherefore consumer traits and behavior have influence concerning the purchasing process. The consumer psychologist propose that each purchase made by consumers are in a number of shipway influenced by components, such as cultural influences, psychological, and social processes, internal, and external factors.Consumers of forthwith are demonstrating a desire for fresh products and services. Because of these desires, doors of opportunity are receptive for consumers, marketing providers, and businesses to approve or disapprove new concepts. Organizations entrust need to conduct nationwide research concerning the consumers behavior, and his or her decision - making processes. The research will support a variety of pieces and ideas for product development. A happy marketer understands the numerous causes, motivation, and influences of consumer purchasing.A psychological process occurs in the minds of individuals, and normally affects the individuals behavior. Concerning this topic, psychological process confines the consumers behavior. The team member will question three psychological processes, and three social processes. The team member will begin with psychological processes. Motivation The internal force that encourages the consumer to take genuine actions, Memory Consumers use this process to store, acquire, retain, and retrieve information sometimes later. experience by perception, consumers interpret, and organize sensations that affect him or her, and important to his or her lives. A social process occurs in an individuals career or surroundings. An individuals social life may affect his or her patterns of behavior and in teractions. Social influence processes hold Family and role influences How individuals are raised and family roles often determine how he or she responds to the environment. Opinion leaders Individuals are usually affected by those who influenced his or her life.Culture Individuals may acquire similar or different interests, or likes. The importance of understanding consumer motivation will help businesses to develop marketing strategies that work. Businesses derriere communicate with his or her client in ways that cozy up his or her most valuable attributes. A successful business relies upon its content to draw and keep customers, eager to buy goods and services at be that will profit the business.Consumer perception explains how consumers and probable consumers view separate companies, and his or her goods and service. Consumer perception becomes significant for a business because it can influence the customers behavior, which eventually affects the businesses profits. A var iety of businesses spend huge quantities of bang-up to persuade customer awareness. Consumer perception can most times determine success or failure for a business.An example of this consists of an individual who stimulate his or her restaurant, and the restaurant has a reputation for serving good food. The planetary perception would indicate that everyone should eat at this particular restaurant because it serves the ruff foods in town. This perception could boost revenue for the restaurant, but on the other hand if consumers had a negative perception about the restaurant, it could hinder profits. Consumer computer storage allows consumers to remember and identify information for future use.Therefore, memory plays an important role concerning the decision- making process of consumers, by moving his or her awareness and memory of marketing information. Consumers used information stored in his or her memory knowingly and unknowingly when making decisions. These decisions range from what brand and flavor of soda to draw or what manufacture, and type of car to purchase. By understanding these important processes marketers can better prepare to market new product and services to consumers.

Athletics In MacGregor’s Sporting Landscape Essay

However, using tactics which corroborate teamwork and competitive pointors which in possibleness bequeath motivate students to puree and increase their date levels. 1. 0 Introduction This report will stomach a detailed digest of the amour of athletic competition in Macgregors microcosm as the societal norm trust that the status quo is uncool, it is known that the position of Australias porting embellish is very weak as at that place is a lack of exposeicipation within Australia as a whole This discount be answered by a simple formula gived to find the reason why just about sports hurt a lack in participation in mainstream orderliness today, Figueroas framework, this formula is divided into Levels listed in the following Cultural, Structural, Institutional, interpersonal and someone levels, nonetheless, it Is concluded that it is up to the undivided of whether they decide to participate in sport or not. 2. 0 Figueroas FrameworkThe well-disposed factors that inf luence an soulfulnesss decision to participate in Athletics may indirectly or directly impact them by shaping their values, attitudes and beliefs. Knowing this the separate may find themselves being subjective to the people and as well the reliable factors they face in society ranging from cultural differences to peers to themselves. Sociologist, Peter Figueroa, develop a framework that analyses the cannisterdour of social resources that can too be implement into the participation of athletics. . 1 Individual Level It can be argued that when it comes to equity and access issues, the individual level is the most important. This is because, while all levels of Figueroas Framework can identify how equity and sporting opportunities atomic number 18 presented to an individual, in the end it is the individuals choice that will determine his or her access and level of participation in physical education. Kiss, 2012) This level is item to Macgregors sporting landscape as it highli ghts the lack of participation in students nonetheless, these decisions about sport and physical activity be ultimately make by the individuals Genes, values, attitudes and personalities which are specific to each(prenominal) individual. 3. 0 Action send off In Macgregors deteriorating athletics program, the lack of participation in the carnivals can link to many reasons why they dont compete in such faces.Study shows that the majority of students would choose to sit and chat with their friends preferably of competing in athletics, however, to allow students to participate, an action plan was developed to in theory create a to a greater extent(prenominal) fun and enjoyable carnival hence increasing participation levels, using successful methods utilized in Australian sports such as Cricket, NRL, AFL, etc. The ideologies used within these sports can be integrated within the society of Macgregors microcosm shaping the status quo of Macgregors Athletics program in a more positi ve, enjoyable way. . 1 Justification of Action plan Throughout sporting history there are various techniques to strive for in order to have a successful carnival, the majority of successful sports share many similar techniques to burst improve the participation of athletes in Australia such as making it more interactive for the audience thus up(a) their participation rates for example, in tennis they implement a board that measures the speed of the serve for each game as well as the Olympics which show the world degrade for each event. nowing this a supposed board that lists all the move intos of each event is shown publically pre-athletics carnival and during for students to observe and in theory become more motivated and strive to train and compete in the events believing they are able to break that record thus improving participation rates.Secondly, the air of storied sporting athletes have known to improve the participation of sports for example, NBA solveers oft appear in many occasions of street basketball games as it obviously creates publicity, however, also improves the participation due to the fact that this allows the average basketball fanatic who normally would watch their idol from the comfort of their own television, but in fact they are able to play side by side with their idol increasing their moral and motivation to play.This can also be implemented in the athletics carnival by having the famous athlete participate and motivate the students to join in and also create a slight sense of competition. Finally, it is a fact that Australians love to play team based sports as listed, AFL, Cricket, Football, NRL, Soccer, Basketball, Rugby League are in the top 10 Australian sports this is 7 of the 10 sports that are shown.With this in mind, Students would be required to form groups of 3 and compete in the athletics carnival, with a twist each event would hold a veritable amount of points varying on the position the student places, 10points for 1st, 7points for 2nd, 5point for 3rd and participation will be worth 2 points. The team that scores the highest points will be rewarded with a prize, such as vouchers, etc. 4. 2 link to survey results The action plan created was based on a census of the whole school to observe whether they would participate in athletics and their reasons to not.To discharge the particular choices created in the action plan by showing the statistics which have guided the development as the spikes in the statistics assist in improving the participation by surveying the trend. The reason a record chart was implemented as it adds a competitive flair and students receive social rewards within the athletics carnival as 19% of students odour that there is no reward for students if they win the events, this will help students strive for the record instead of just trying to win.A massive 27% of students feel that they are not good enough for the athletics carnival and believe there is no point to pa rticipate and simply just socialize with their peers, with the appearance of a famous athlete students would be motivated to part take in the events as the special guest can provide moral support and advice to improve their technique, etc. during the carnival as they can join in with the students.By creating team based events the 80% of students that prefer team sports are able to participate and at the same m fill the social void according to the 25% as they strive to motivate fellow teammates and allow each other perform give away overall, also considering the 66% that would participate in the carnival if their peers were to join in. (Buckley, et al, 2013) 4. think to research material including the individual level of the framework The research collected of Figueroas framework on the individual level, it is realised that students values and beliefs are to strive for competition and rewards, as these factors have been fulfilled it will allow students to participate in a more e njoyable way, due to the fact that an individuals values and beliefs reflect directly upon their parents, siblings and peers, however, it is proven that the individual learns to behave through the experience they have accumulated from mainly their peers, also the fact that students view the sports society in a boring manner, they lots assume they cannot socialise with their peers which majorly affect their participation rates. 5. 0 Conclusion

Corporate Partnerships

Hurley in unified Partnerships Corporate partnerships allow schoolhouses to gain scanty cash by publicizing a product or service some the school, this allows the school to gain extra currency and the company possible sales. The supporters of in integrated partnerships fight that it is a necessity for cash marginal schools. However the other side considers that school environment should be ad acquit and uninfluenced by corporations. I deliberate that corporeal partnerships ar a obligatory part of our schools and only hold benefits, up to a certain point.Too lots advertising could be distracting or tear down aggravation for bookmans, it should be up to the school to squ ar off the perfect balance of education and ads. The advocates for corporate partnerships contest that it go aways schools with coin that they mayhap couldnt comport raised before. They argue that the money gained could be used on multiple things, from things such(prenominal) as buying bran-new u pdated books, hiring new teachers or even to finance a new reference for the main twist as In the case of chalky HAS. Monitored advertisements for a certain product possibly oldest spring birth an effect on pupil focus or learning.In Calc argonous HAS we have ad banners on the bleachers near the football field. From my experience I havent seen any pupil min contemplate at them or even give them a second thought, but It does provide the school with oft needed money for construction projects. Who knows If we wouldve been able to afford a new reference to replace the portables without that aid. The fence side argues that corporate partnerships take away from the learning environment. They argue that schools should always provide an environment remedy room corporate Influence and ads.What the backers of the opposing side dont take into account Is that students be al assumey Influenced by ads every day, from the array they wear to the food they eat. Students see ads on TV s, radios, the Internet, the APS on their phone etc. beholding ads In a school wont chance on the student dramatically enough to advise him or her from learning. The promoters for the opposing side argue that corporate Influence In life-sustaining places such as the library or classrooms could distract the student from learning and be too extreme.I agree with this because classrooms and library are the place of learning, you should be able to fill a book or relieve an essay without an advertisement for the new Nikkei space In your face. I believe that advertisements In learning areas would be pestiferous and are a violation of the students rights. This Is a change topic that requires much thought and research. age advertisements In particular learning areas mightiness be annoying and a prophylactic device to the average student. boilers suit Its obvious that corporate partnerships are incumbent and re a good source of side revenue enhancement for schools.By exaggera tedly books, hiring new teachers or even to finance a new wing for the main building as in any student second glance at them or even give them a second thought, but it does provide the school with much needed money for construction projects. Who knows if from corporate influence and ads. What the backers of the opposing side dont take into account is that students are already influenced by ads every day, from the clothes they wear to the food they eat. Students see ads on TVs, radios, the internet, he APS on their phone etc.Seeing ads in a school wont affect the student opposing side argue that corporate influence in critical places such as the library or read a book or write an essay without an advertisement for the new Nikkei shoes in your face. I believe that advertisements in learning areas would be annoying and are This is a heated topic that requires much thought and research. While advertisements in critical learning areas might be annoying and a hindrance to the average st udent. Overall its obvious that corporate partnerships are necessary and

Crimes and Misdemeanors Essay

Crimes and Misdemeanors birchen Allens, Crimes and Misdemeanors, film paints a realistic epitome of the real realism in which we completely live. His film brilliantly portrays the lives of how a grown amount of people across this ballock live their own support and does non attempt to sugarcoat any caseful that occurs in the painting he exclusively tells it how it is and provides information for what people should expect in todays world. Allen takes on the issue of the human races trustworthy whimsys of ethical motive and what actually happens in he real world, in contrast to what typically takes place in movies.Allen transpires contrasting eveningts throughout his movie that create a re main interrogation for his audience on the thoughts of morality in a godless community. Adultery, lies, and finish up were only a small burden of the crimes that were committed in Allens movie. However, the uncertainty becomes how the characters reacted to their own acts of crimi nality. The most in information storyline in this movie was that of Judah Rosenthal, who comes to the termination that in a world sinless of godly resence, all acts are permissible, even adultery and murder.Once a psyche erases their belief on certain morals and values, it is much easier for them to erase crimes or immoral acts they have committed from their mind as being immoral. Judah does an extraordinary Job at showing this in the movie when he finds out that some maven else was arrested for the murder of Dolores he automatically knew he was off the haulage and made him egotism believe he did no wrong. By doing this he was capable of qualifying on and living his life. Another main character in Allens movie, was one layed by him himself.Throughout the movie free fall embarked on new ideas and experiences because they were his passion and what he believed, however at the end of the movie we watch as Cliff loses everything he believed in from his love, his career, and his fa mily. Many may question why Cliff would lose everything if he had so some good inviolable beliefs and how Judah can move on with his life even after being gnarly in a murder. However, the answer concord to this movie is simple. We as the human race, position ourselves by our choices, with the absence seizure of god.In he issue concerning Cliff losing everything he believed in, it wasnt necessarily a punishment, but in all actuality shows how it can be pertinent to real life. Not all times, does a person with good morals tick what they want. In addition, Judah was going to move on with his life no matter if he had a religious background or not. Judah saw the world as, once god is gone all things are permissible, which shows his avowedly morals and values as a person. His character depicts the life of one who has do wrong and escaped punishment in their life at some point, which once more can be pplied to the real world on a daily basis.Regarding the different situations th at occur all across this movie, it is shown that at that place can be a sense experience of morality in our world without the belief of a certain religion. This movie portrays many types of religious beliefs within the characters and then goes on to show that even people who do not necessarily believe in God, still have morals they exponent Just value certain areas more than others. God is essentially a the absence of god, anything anyone wants to make permissible to their own self can be made permissible.