The Origins Of The Modern World History Essay

The Origins Of The Modern World History EssayWonderful synthesis of fresh scholarship on Rise of the double-u literature with an frugal and bionomic focus.Uses Global Historical Context to address more or less issues address in the Modern World History course.Use asTeacher primer coatUse isolated quotes/ chapters for completely levelsReview book at displace of AP curriculum for reviewQuestions raisedHow did industry and European-style countries called nation-states-rather than highly developed agricultural empires like chinaw be and India-come to define our public?How has the gap between ample and poor ontogenyd?How and why have European ways of organizing the gentlemans gentleman come to dominate the globe?Was the Rise of the West a transitory blip?Scope Global look ( scarce especially Europe, chinaware and India) 1400 -1900Chapter by chapter breakd deliverIntroIn the space of just 200 years, the world has seen a great reversal of fortune where once Asians held close to of the economic cards, today it is primarily Western countries and Japan. (p. 2)Concepts communicate/ introduced in chapterGlobalization erudition CommunismNation-states French Revolution Weber-Protestant work ethicDisease industrial Revolution modernizationExploration/ Encounter Progress History Colonialism conversion Capitalism SlaveryModes of Historical InquiryComparative units of analysis comment of EurocentrismState legitimacyConcept of Pentimento (p. 8)Ecological analysisHistorical research multiple causality (contingent, accidents, and conjunctures)Chapter 1 Material and Trading Worlds Circa 1400The Chinese, for example, had a foresightful archives of contact with these kinds of people nomads, and in fact had come to secernate them into twain groups the cooked, those willing to accept some of the trappings of Chinese civilization, and the raw, those who ere not.Concepts addressed in chapterBirth of civilization Nomadic inter channelAgricultural diversity Peasants Biological Old regime Cooked and RawWorld systems wildlife population doctor on LebensraumLargest urban areas Peasant revolts (comp. Pugachev, Taiping, Japan, France)Bigger QuestionsRole of state growth and declineExistence of polycentric world systemChapter 2 starting line with ChinaDuring those 1 coke years 650 1750, the Indian Ocean was arguably the wholeness most important crossroads of trade and generator of merchant wealth in the world (p. 49)After European introduction of armed trade on that point were responses. some Asian rulers of coastal trading cities responded by walling their territories and purchasing their own after partnons and guns. In Achehthe Islamic ruler in the early 1500s built a formidable navy for the dual purpose of running the Portuguese stop over and capturing their ships and arms. Later, in the 1500s, through its contacts with the Ottoman empire, Acheh imported several large and superior Ottoman guns, sufficient not just to defend themselves fro m the Portuguese, but to scupper Portuguese-controlled Malacca. Portuguese armed trading may have altered a good deal in the Indian Ocean, but dar-al-Islam continued to limit what Europeans could and could not do in the world. (p. 63)Concepts addressed in chapterChinese history Indian textilesZheng He SlaveryConfucius MongolsIndian Ocean trade CrusadesOrigins and Spread of Islam Feudalism/ serfsIbn Battuta 100 years warIslamic empires ReconquistaRole of Constantinople Spice tradeWest African empires Ghana, Mali Mediterranean trade (Venice/ Genoa)African gold- Mansa Musa Portuguese/ Spanish explorationEast Africa Increase of armed trade in I.O.Chapter 3 Empires, States, and the New World, 1500- 1775Where previously there had been several worlds in the world-the Chinese world, the Indian Ocean world, the Mediterranean world, and the Americas, as yet unknown to Europeans, Asians, or Europeans-after 1500 two new links drew the entire globe into a single world for the prototypical tim e. (1492 and 1571) ..the first globalization (p. 67)By 1700, then, England had a presidency that, in the words of one British historian, was prepared to subordinate all foreign policy to economic ends. (p. 88)In 1775, Asia produced about 80% of everything in the world, probably an increase from 1500. In other words, two-thirds of the worlds population-Asians-produced four-fifths of the worlds goods. Seen from another perspective, Europeans, at fifth part of the worlds population in 1775, shared production of one-fifth of the worlds goods with Africans and Americans. Asia thus had the most productive economies in the three centuries after 1500. (p. 81)Concepts addressed in chapter proud expansion Russia (4x), China(2x), Ottoman, Safavid and MughalDecreased nomadic influenceAztec (25 m.) and Incan (16 m) empires (strengths and weaknesses)Arrival and encounter of Cortez and PizarroColumbian ExchangeDiseaseForced laborSilver dig Potosi, Chinese demand, Spanish ArmadaTextilesNew Worl d economy Plantation system, increase of slavery, sugarState-building (wars, competition, debt, expulsions, Inquisition, Enlightenment)Mercantalism7 years war/ French Indian wars = the first world war?Chapter 4 The Industrial Revolution and its Consequences, 1750 -1850Indeed, India around 1700 was the largest exporter of cotton plant textiles in the world and supplied textiles not just to meet English demand, but throughout the world as well. Southeast Asia, east and west Africa, the fondness East, and Europe were major export markets, in addition to the large domesticated Indian market. No wonder that the demand for Indian cotton in the eighteenth degree Celsius was greater than all the weavers in the country can maunfacture and that India accounted for fully one quarter of the world manufacturing output in 1750. (pp. 96- 97)It was as if the British had subjugated the Indian peninsula simply in order to using up its resources against China. (p. 117)Concepts addressed in chapte rUse of coal to replace wind, water wildcat office staffCotton textiles-cost of food not labor is what made textiles cheaperincrease protectionism by E.Role of VOC and EICBattle of Plassey/ Clive IndiaUse of slave markets in Americas for cheap textilesDemographic changes in ChinaRole of gender in textile industry in China (107)TeaOpium WarsUse of contract and steamChapter 5By 1900, India accounts for barely 2% of world manufacturing output, China about 7%, while Europe alone claims 60% and the linked States 20%. (p. 123)Without opium there probably would have been no British empire. (p. 130)Concepts addressed in chapterDe-industrialization/ ruralization of IndiaIndustrialization of Br, Fr, Ger, US, Russia and JapanRecessionsSocial consequences of Industrializationfactories and workwomen and families resistance and revolution (Communist Manifesto)Nationalism (nations- French Rev)state legitimacyTools of empire in Africa and China (Maxim gun, quinine)Taiping Rebellion (20 m.)J apans imperialismSpanish American warEcological trendsDeforestation- India, Latin AmericaEl Nino famines (p. 148) HOW DOES THIS WORK?)Social Darwinism, racism justifies the success - genocides terminationinteractions among various parts of the world account for most of the story of the fashioning of the modern world, not the cultural achievements of any one part. Indeed those achievements are not understandable except in a global context. The whole-in this depicted object the world and its modern history-thus is greater than the sum of its parts. (p . 155)It seems to me that pentimento is an apt metaphor for exploring the patterns of change and continuity in world history. If we think of the pattern of world history being composed of two primary layers, the first is a movie of a world in which Asia shines most brightly, as it did from 1400 to about 1800. That picture, though, was cover up over the past two hundred years by a new one depicting the rise of the west. Now though tha t second painting is beginning to fade and elements of the first one-the wealth and power of Asia are again beginning to show through, reasserting some of the worlds previous patterns, though in new contexts and with important variations. (p. 159)Concepts addressed in chapter20th century developmentswars, depression, technological developments, decolonizationrole of international organizationsIdea of pentimentoChange and continuity disaster Story of resistance to Modern World (p. 161)Critiques1900 stop but examples go beyond that yearTime jumping within periods (ex. of peasant rebellions)China emphasisRedundanciesSynthesisDense for students?